Calendar Studies ![]()
"Once pursued for its own sake, [astronomical observation] comes to provide the vehicle for scheduling rituals and coordinating the activities of complex society. With the help of the stars, the year and its divisions exist as instruments of organizational authority. The formation of a calendar is basic to the formation of a civilization. The calendar was the first symbolic artifact that regulated social behavior by keeping track of time." John Zerzan: Time and Its Discontents
The Julian and
Gregorian Calendars1. The Julian Calendar
2. The Gregorian Reform
3. Adoption of the Gregorian Calendar
4. Astronomical Year Numbering
5. The Proleptic Julian and Gregorian Calendars
6. Variation in the Tropical Year
7. Accuracy of the Gregorian and Orthodox Calendars
8. True Length of the Tropical YearThe ISO Date Format A note concerning date formats, especially the ISO date format. Types of Calendar Lunar, solar, lunisolar, solar-count, etc. Lunar Calendars A more detailed discussion. The Hermetic Leap Week Calendar A calendar with an integral number of 7-day weeks in each year, and which stays in sync with the seasonal year. The Hermetic Lunar Week Calendar A solilunar calendar which avoids the problem of rescheduling with each new year. Julian Day Numbers The nature and origin of the Julian day number system. Chronological Julian Date An explanation of this concept with examples of use. Why Seven Days in a Week? Why not six or eight? The Maya Calendar Article about the Maya Calendar
See also the documentation for the Mayan Calendrics softwareThe Structure of the Chinese Calendar How the Chinese Calendar depends on the times of astronomical events. The Liberalia
Triday CalendarA new calendar combining a lunar calendar and a solar calendar with 3-day cycles in common. The Meyer-Palmen
Solilunar CalendarA calendar consisting of 60-year cycles which stays in sync both with the Moon and with the seasons. The Goddess
Lunar CalendarA calendar whose months accord with the lunar cycles and are named after thirteen goddesses. The Tabot Calendar A calendar with (mostly) 30-day months in which New Years Day always falls on November 2nd in the Gregorian Calendar. Two Integral-Week
Solar CalendarsTwo new solar calendars in which years have an integral number of weeks. When Did the New
Millennium Begin?It depends on which system you use for numbering years.
German translation:
Wann beginnt das neue Jahrtausend?
Portuguese translation:
Quando É Que o Novo Milénio Começará?Interconverting Tibetan and Western Years Interconverting Chinese and Western Years The Lunar Calendar in The Invisible Landscape
Writings by Others: Lance Latham:
Simon Cassidy:
- Stonehenge Speaks: An Open Letter to Umberto Eco (PDF file)
- Other messages concerning calendars, the vernal equinox year, etc.
Karl Palmen:
- Properties of the Meyer-Palmen Solilunar Calendar
- Properties of the Hermetic Leap Week Calendar
- Lunar Calendar Cycles less than 1885 Months
- Week of Weeks Full Moon Nights in Yerm Calendar
- Karl Palmen's Calendars
Duncan Steel:
Robert Poole:
Kirkpatrick Sale:
Jean Meeus:
John R. Beattie:
Bohumil Böhm and Vladimir Böhm:
- The Dresden Codex the Book of Mayan Astronomy
- The Prague Codex the fifth preserved Mayan manuscript (a Word file, 535 Kb)
- Establecimiento de los años bisiestos en el Códice de Madrid (a Word file, 773 Kb, in Spanish)
- A calculation of leap years in the Codex of Madrid (a Word file, 540 Kb)
- Methods of calculation of Böhm's correlation (a Word file, 468 Kb)
William Becker:
Paul Hill:
W. M. Flinders Petrie:
Calendrical and Astronomical Links
Date/Calendar Software Hermetic Systems Home Page